Truths and Lies About BIA-ALCL (Breast Implant Lymphoma)
While BIA-ALCL is not something to ignore, it’s also not a reason to panic if you have breast implants. Read on to separate BIA-ALCL myths from facts.
Headlines about breast implants causing cancer continue to circulate online. But how much of that information is factual? How much of it is a scare tactic?
In observance of Rare Disease Day (February 29), Guerra Plastic Surgery Center will spread awareness about Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL), also known as Breast Implant Lymphoma. We will also highlight the symptoms to watch for, the risks based on the latest clinical research, and whether you should worry if you have implants or plan on getting them.
What Is Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL)?
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a rare form of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (cancer of the immune system). It arises in the fluid and tissue around an implant. In most cases, removing the implant and surrounding capsule can cure BIA-ALCL. If the cancer spreads, you may need chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
Recognizing the symptoms of BIA-ALCL and getting an early diagnosis can mitigate the need for chemotherapy and other therapeutic modalities.
What Are the Symptoms?
The most common symptoms include persistent swelling or pain in the breast implant area. You may also notice asymmetry or distortion in the shape or size of your breasts. Less commonly, a lump may develop in the breast or armpit. If you experience these symptoms, immediately consult a top plastic surgeon in Scottsdale, Arizona.
While typically treatable with surgery alone, delays in diagnosis and treatment can allow the disease to spread, reducing the likelihood of a successful cure or treatment outcome. The good news is that with prompt diagnosis and management, BIA-ALCL is highly treatable.
BIA-ALCL Fact vs. Fiction
Addressing the misconceptions surrounding BIA-ALCL can provide clarity for those considering breast implants. Take note of the following:
LIE: “BIA-ALCL is breast cancer.”
BIA-ALCL is a type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, not breast cancer. It occurs in the fluid and scar tissue surrounding breast implants, but it is unrelated to breast tissue.
TRUTH: “BIA-ALCL is uncommon.”
BIA-ALCL occurs in a small percentage of patients with breast implants, with estimates ranging from 1 in 2,969 women with implants to 1 in 355 women with textured implants following breast reconstruction surgery. The median time between implant placement and BIA-ALCL diagnosis is eight years.
LIE: “Only textured implants can cause BIA-ALCL.”
The risk of developing BIA-ALCL is higher with textured implants, but it can also occur in people with smooth implants. A widespread hypothesis is that textured implants have greater surface areas and increased bacterial adhesion, resulting in higher levels of biofilm genesis and lymphocyte activation. Regardless, the surface of any implant may act as an irritant that can trigger an immune system response in some people. No implant type is 100% risk-free.
TRUTH: “Most people do not experience BIA-ALCL.”
Out of the millions of people with breast implants, only 1,264 cases of BIA-ALCL worldwide have been reported as of June 30, 2023.
LIE: “Having symptoms is an indication of BIA-ALCL.”
Keep calm if you experience symptoms. Noncancerous issues are the more likely cause of any breast-related discomfort or changes. These may include:
- Capsular contracture
- Recent chest injury or trauma
- Implant rupture
- Breast infection
Nonetheless, consult your doctor if symptoms arise. Though noncancerous, the above can lead to more serious health problems without proper medical evaluation and treatment.
TRUTH: “BIA-ALCL can develop anytime after implant surgery.”
BIA-ALCL symptoms can emerge within a year after getting breast implants or many years down the road. On average, symptoms manifest about eight years after surgery.
LIE: “Removing implants eliminates BIA-ALCL.”
In some cases, the risk of BIA-ALCL spreading or recurring remains even after implant removal. Chemotherapy or radiation therapy may be necessary to eliminate remaining lymphoma cells and minimize the risk of cancer spreading or returning. Moreover, continued monitoring and follow-up care are essential in detecting early signs of recurrence.
TRUTH: “The fill of a breast implant does not increase the risk of developing BIA-ALCL.”
Based on current data, saline and silicone fillings are not risk factors for BIA-ALCL. However, this matter requires further evaluation in a large epidemiologic study.
How to Reduce Your Risk of BIA-ALCL
Here are three tips for those with breast implants or planning to undergo breast augmentation surgery in Scottsdale, AZ:
1. Research Your Options
Do your homework on the risks of each implant type before choosing one. Textured implants appear to have a higher risk of BIA-ALCL compared to smooth implants. While the risk is small, weigh all factors carefully with your doctor.
2. Get Regular Screenings
Early detection of BIA-ALCL can save your life. Get regular MRI screenings, especially during the first few years after breast augmentation surgery. MRIs help detect changes that could indicate BIA-ALCL or other issues.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advises women with silicone breast implants to undergo non-contrast MRI beginning three years after initial implant surgery and every two years thereafter.
3. Check Your Breasts
Performing monthly breast self-exams can help you identify potentially cancerous lumps before they spread. Start by standing in front of a mirror; inspect your breasts with your arms at your sides. Next, lift your arms and look for changes in size, shape, or contour; take note of any skin dimpling, redness, or any other changes. After which, lie down and examine each breast with the fingers of your opposite hand. Use a firm, circular motion to feel for lumps or thickening. If you feel or see anything unusual, consult a healthcare provider.
4. Watch for Symptoms
Be on high alert for symptoms such as swelling, pain, lumps, or changes in shape or size. While BIA-ALCL often develops many years after implant placement, some emerge within a year. See your doctor right away if you notice changes or the onset of symptoms.
The chance of developing breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma is small, but being proactive and informed about breast health and the risk factors can alleviate worries and ensure the earliest possible diagnosis and treatment. Arm yourself with the facts, weigh the pros and cons with your surgeon, and do what feels right for you.
Further reading: The FDA’s Findings on Breast Implants